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from Self-Reliance
Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Trust thyself: Every heart vibrates to that iron string. Accept the place the divine Providence has found for you; the society of your contemporaries, the connection of events. Great men have always done so and confided themselves childlike to the genius of their age, betraying their perception that the absolutely trustworthy was seated at their heart, working through their hands, predominating in all their being. And we are now men, and must accept in the highest mind the same transcendent destiny; and not minors and invalids in a protected corner, not cowards fleeing before a revolution, but guides, redeemers, and benefactors, obeying the Almighty effort, and advancing on Chaos and the Dark. . . .
These are the voices which we hear in solitude, but they grow faint and inaudible as we enter into the world. Society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood of every one of its members. Society is a joint-stock company in which the members agree for the better securing of his bread to each shareholder, to surrender the liberty and culture of the eater. The virtue in most request is conformity. Self-reliance is its aversion. It loves not realities and creators, but names and customs.
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Whoso would be a man must be a non-conformist. He who
would gather immortal palms must not be
hindered by the name of goodness, but must explore if it be goodness.
Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind. Absolve you to
yourself, and you shall have the suffrage of the world. . . . |
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A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds,
adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines. With consistency a
great soul has simply nothing to do. He may as well concern himself with his
shadow on the wall. Speak what you think now in hard words, and tomorrow
speak what tomorrow thinks in hard words again, though it contradict
everything you said today—“Ah, so you shall be sure to be misunderstood”—Is
it so bad then to be misunderstood? Pythagoras was misunderstood, and
Socrates, and Jesus, and Luther, and Copernicus, and Galileo, and Newton,
and every pure and wise spirit that ever took flesh. To be great is to be
misunderstood. . . .
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Making Meanings
from Self-Reliance
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| 1. | Look at the associations you made with self-reliance before reading Emerson. How does your understanding of the term compare with Emerson’s? |
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| 2. | What do you think Emerson means by “that divine idea which each of us represents” (paragraph 1)? |
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| 3. | What does Emerson think of people who call for consistency in thought and action and who fear being misunderstood? |
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| 4. | Do you think there’s too little, too much, or just the right amount of emphasis on individualism in our society today? What might Emerson have thought about our focus on the individual? |
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| 5. | If this essay were to be delivered as a political address during a presidential campaign today, how do you think people would respond? |